Petroyak Co. Inc. Web Site

As fuel-oil constitutes an important portion of energy consumption, production and usage of fuel-oil additives are increasing each day in energy conscious countries . Manganese based compounds constitutes a great portion of the fuel-oil additive production in Europe and United States . Research has shown that, even adding manganese to non-manganese fuel-oil additives improves the performance, which shows the superiority of manganese products for better combustion . As stated by TUBITAK (Scientific and Technical Research Inst. of Turkey), ODTU (Middle East Technical University) in Turkey and by the studies in other countries, manganese compounds increased the efficiency of combustion and also brought some other advantages to fuel-oil usage. Studies carried out by the Ministry of Health also shows the decrease in the amount of toxic uncompleted-oxidation products, and the smoke that emitted from chimney and the air pollution by the usage of manganese based fuel-oil additives .

The knowledge accumulated from scientific literature and research studies are transferred to technology as organometalic manganese based Petroyak-f whose quality is proven by many scientific investigations. The findings from the years of researches are reflected to our technology for the benefit of industry.

Petroyak-f is the only fuel-oil additive with the Turkish Standards Institute's "TSE Quality Certificate". The factory of Petroyak-f also received "The Confirmation Certificate" as a result of examinations and controls made by TSE. Petroyak-f is being produced continuously since 1983 and has been honored by "Certificate of Appreciation" from TSE. TSE, considering the thoughts of the industries and the "universities, formed TS 11630 "Fuel-oil Additives for Improving Burning Quality" and this standard was put in application in 1995. As a proof of the confidence to our product, Petroyak-f, is still the only product holding the TS 11630 standard.

For most of the applications, Petroyak-f is added to fuel-oil at a rate of just 0.1% (1/1000). The benefits of using Petroyak-f can be summarized under these three headings :

1 - Effects before the combustion
2 - Effects during the combustion
3 - Effects after the combustion

1 - EFFECTS BEFORE THE COMBUSTION

DISSOLVES THE FUEL DEPOSIT

Petroyak-f, prevents the formation of deposit and polymerization in the fuel-oil tanks which ia caused by the wax inside the fuel and heavy hydrocarbon chains. In case there is any previously formed deposit in the oil tank, Petroyak-f dissolves it and makes both deposit and fuel usable.

As the deposit is used this way, we do not need to clean storoge tanks; the deposit does not pollute the environment, and we obtain many benefits and savings.

DECREASES THE VISCOSITY

Petroyak-f brakes the long hydrocarbon chains and makes shorter hydrocarbon chains; which decreases viscosity of the fuel-oil. By this way it reduces the expenses of preheating and pumping which is used to decrease viscosity and it does not allow choking of filters and boilers. Also, since the preheating temperature decreases, it prevents the foaming of fuel-oil and the discontinious burning during combustion .

KEEPS FUEL SYSTEM AND THE BURNER CLEAN

Petroyak-f, keeps the fuel system, filters and the burner clean for longer period by increasing the fluidity of the fuel, solving the paraffin and the fuel-deposit, preventing the polymerization and providing the homogeneity. Thus, it increases the operation life and prevents the corrosion.

DECREASES THE PREHEATING COST

The pulverization and fluidity of the fuel is only maintained by heating the fuel-oil to high temperatures. This increases the preheating cost.

The excessive and the continuous heating at the main storage tank, results in the vaporization of the volatile components and increase in the residue, which decreases the quality of the fuel. On the other hand, Petroyak-f increases the fluidity of the fuel and thus heating the fuel to much lower temperature is sufficient, which decreases preheating cost and maintains the quality of the fuel.

NON TOXIC

As it is stated in TS 11630 "Fuel-Oil Additives Standard" neither the fuel-oil additive nor its end products formed with the combustion, can be toxic.

It has been reported by many university laboratories that Petroyak-f does not include any toxic compounds.

2 - EFFECTS DURING THE COMBUSTION

IMPROVES THE PULVERIZATION

Petroyak-f, pulverizes the fuel-oil in smaller particles and increases the speed of vaporization. Since the fuel-oil solution can easily be obtained, the size of flame expands, the length of it decreases and the color of it becomes brighter.

DECREASES THE FLASH POINT AND EXPEDITES THE IGNITION

Instead of ignition of fuel-oil by diesel-oil LPG during short breaks, it can be ignited directly by Petroyak-f added fuel-oil.

PREVENTS FORMATION OF V₂O₅ AND HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION (EXTERNAL CORROSION)

During combustion, the vanadium in fuel-oil, easily oxidizes with high air oxygen and with high atomic oxygen, formed by the flame, and produces V₂O₅ compound, vanadium pentaoxide, that reacts as a catalyst in SO₃ formation which causes corrosion on external surfaces. Petroyak-f, decreases the formation of atomic oxygen by limiting the amount of air oxygen entering and by shortening the length of flame; doing so it provides the oxidation of vanadium in stages (V2O3, VO, V2O4 etc.) and prevents the formation of V₂O₅.

As a result of these, it prevents the sticking of deposits on external surfaces by increasing the melting temperatures of them and makes their structure brittle. In a study made on this subject : the melting point of ashes is measured as 950 C with a Differential Thermal Anayzer device, without adding Petroyak-f, but when orgonometalic manganese based Petroyak-f is added, ashes did not melt even at 1200 C . All these effects conclude that, by using Petroyak-f, the high temperature corrosion and the prevention of the heat transfer by deposits can be prevented and so the upkeep of the boiler decreases and the life of the boiler increases.

INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY, PROVIDES SAVING

Adding just 0.1 % Petroyak-f to fuel-oil, will increase the efficiency and savings which can be easily determined from the gas emission measurements. As Petroyak-f improves the quality of fuel-oil, burners must be adjusted accordingly to obtain the desired benefits of Petroyak-f. The products of incomplete combustion, react with less excess air and achieve the complete reaction.

3 - EFFECTS AFTER THE COMBUSTION

DECREASES SOOT

As Petroyak-f provides a complete combustion, it prevents the formation of carbon. The Petroyak-f added fuel-oil, gives a mist which has a brighter color according to Bacharach scale. It reduces the soot emission to atmosphere.

DECREASES THE LOW TEMPERATURE CORROSION

Petroyak-f, prevents the formation of SO₃ compound, by converting some of the combustible sulfur into sulfates and ashes, since it reduces the amount of necessary oxygen and it prevents the formation of V₂O₅ which catalyzes the formation reaction of SO₃. The reaction of combustion of sulfur with oxygen is :

SO₂ + 1/2 O₂ SO₃

As a result of the decrease in the amount of excess oxygen and atomic oxygen, and also by the absence of V₂O₅ the equilibrium shifts to the favor of SO₂. Reacting with the water vapor in the medium, SO₂ produces sulphurous acid. The acidity of sulphurous acid is 1/100 of the acidity of sulfuric acid which is produced by SO₃. So the corrosion in the system (economizer) which depends on the acidity decreases in a ratio of 1/100 and the upkeep cost of the plant decreases, life of the plant inreases. Also the effect of acid rain, that is harmful to the environment and external surfaces, is reduced.

REDUCES THE ACID RAIN

Presence of sulfur oxides and free oxygen in the flue gas, decreases the dew point and by reacting with water vapor they condense in the form of acid. By adding Petroyak-f, the amount of SO₃ & SO₂ and the amount of oxygen decreases so the dew point increases and the acid rain reduces.

REDUCES TOXIC AND UNCOMPLETED-OXIDATION COMPIUNDS IN EMISSION & REDUCES AIR POLLUTION

Petroyak-f prevents the formation of V₂O₅ compound which is a catalyst in the formation of toxic SO₃, by reducing the amount of necessary oxygen. It provides the formation of some vanadium compounds which do not have catalyst effect; thw amount of oxygen decreases and so the equilibrium reaction shifts to the favor of reactants. By this way the exhaust of SO₃ to the atmosphere is being prevented. Manganese, the active element of Petroyak-f, reacts with sulfuroxides and produces MnSO₄ ; some of the sulfur remains in the ash as sulfate compounds and reduces the amount of combustiable sulfur which causes environmental pollution. In addition to these properties, since Petroyak-f provides complete combustion, it prevents the formation of toxic oxidation products like CO .

Petroyak-f, does not contain, cancerous, chlorinated or any toxic substances.

In addition, it is not possible to produce poisonous substances like phosgene as a result of combustion with Petroyak-f. Also it is recorded that, there is a decrease in the amount of solid carbon particles that doesn't combust.

PREVENTS MAINTENANCE LOSS

Petroyak-f, eliminates the combustion problems and discontinious combustion. The maintenance expenses of boiler, economizer, filters burner and upkeep of foundation is prevented by Petroyak-f.

REFERENCES

1. Kitchen, "Combustion Improver Fuel Additive". United States (US) Patent No: 4, 585, 462. April 29, 1986.
2. Dorer, Jr. "Organo Transition Metal Salt / Ashless Detergent-Dispersant Combinations". (US) Patent No: 4, 505, 718. March 19, 1985.
3. Kukin "Combustion Control by Addition of Manganese and Magnesium in Specific Amounts", (US) Patent No: 4, 804, 388. February 14, 1989.
4. Bora, M., "Effects of Additives for Liquid Fuels on Combustion". TÜBİTAK Project No: Mag-G-7, 1972.
5. Gürüz, K. M. Bora, "Effects of Petroyak-F Used in Liquid Fuels on the Formation of Sulfur Oxides". Project No: 74-04-04-02, ODTÜ, Ankara, 1974.
6. İleri, A. "Results From the Experimental Works on Petroyak-F Used In Liquid Fuels". Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Public Health Inst, Air Pollution Research Laboratory Report No: 15 Ankara, 1978.
7. Gürü, M. "Effects of Manganese Compounds On Fuel-Oil". Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Energy, 6th Energy Saving Conference, January 1987.
8. Ministry of Defence, R&D Department "Additives Used in Fuel-oil". Report Name: Dön.Ser. Aky./88-89, Nisan 1981.